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Sutherland is a suburb in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Sutherland is located 30 kilometres south of the Sydney central business district and is the administrative centre for the local government area of the Sutherland Shire. ==History== There are two theories for the origin of the Sutherland name:〔(Sutherland Shire place names ), fact sheet by the Sutherland Shire, August 2003〕 * It is suggested that the name was taken from able seaman Forby Sutherland, who died on Captain Cook's ''Endeavour'' voyage. Sutherland Point at Kurnell is named after him, but there's no direct connection of him to the Sutherland Shire district. * Thomas Mitchell as surveyor general in 1835 named the first parish south of the Georges River as the "Parish of Southerland" (South with an "o"). But it appeared in a later government gazette spelt Sutherland, losing the significance of the name. Thomas Holt (1811–88) purchased 13,000 acres (53 km2) in the 1860s that stretched from Sutherland to Cronulla. The Sutherland area was originally heavily timbered and timber-cutting became the first industry. Holt initiated many commercial projects including timber cutting, coal mining, sheep farming and oyster farming. He built a forty-room mansion called Sutherland House in 1881 at Sylvania, on the bank of Gwawley Bay. The mansion was destroyed by fire in 1918, thought to have been deliberately lit.〔''The Book of Sydney Suburbs'', Compiled by Frances Pollen, Angus & Robertson Publishers, 1990, Published in Australia ISBN 0-207-14495-8〕 The first road through the area was South Road constructed in 1842. Later Illawarra Road was built along the ridges of high land to the Woronora River. The Princes Highway became the main thoroughfare through Sutherland, linking Sydney to the Illawarra region. The railway line was constructed in the 1880s and development followed. Residents lived in humpies or tents in the bush. Once the land was cleared, a township developed around the railway station. In 1886 there were only four permanent buildings: the railway station, the station master's residence, the railway keeper's cottage and a general store run by a man called Bromley. The post office opened on 1 September 1886 and a school began classes in 1887. In 1906, the shire of Sutherland was proclaimed and the name Sutherland was officially declared. The first meetings were held in the shire clerk's home and the Council Chambers were built in 1915.〔http://www.sutherland.nsw.gov.au/ssc/rwpattach.nsf/0/Factsheet_6_FINAL_20030728.pdf/$file/Factsheet_6_FINAL_20030728.pdf〕 By the 1920s, steam trams operated between Cronulla and Sutherland. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sutherland, New South Wales」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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